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The importance of micro mineral content in Vannamei shrimp feed which is maintained at low salinity
In shrimp farming, especially in environments with low salinity content usually has a low mineral content as well. Low minerals in water can cause shrimp growth to be slower. This is because shrimp has the ability to absorb some inorganic elements not only from food but also from the environment. However, due to the low mineral content in the environment, shrimp growth was hampered.Minerals are one component that is needed by living things besides carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and vitamins. Minerals needed by shrimp are very few but have a very important function. The amount ranges from 2-5% of the total amount of raw material. The types of minerals needed by the body are divided into two, the minerals needed in large quantities are called macro mineral elements, while in small amounts they are called micro elemental minerals.
Micro mineral elements have a big role in shrimp nutrition along with other minerals for shrimp health and better production. The types of mineral microelements are Cobalt (Co), Copper (Cu), Iodine (I), Ferrum (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Nickle (Ni), Fluorine (F), Chrom (Cr), Selenium (Se ) and Zinc (Zn). These micro-minerals are involved in the process of cell metabolism, skeletal structure formation, maintenance of the colloidal system, acid-base regulation, immunity to disease and other physiological functions.
The function of each mineral specifically is:
- Cobalt: As a component of cyanocobalamin (B12) which is very much needed for the synthesis of microflora in the intestinal tract and for the formation of red blood cells and treatment of nerve tissue.
- Copper: For normal growth and health. Helps in the protection of the bones, nervous and cardiovascular systems. It is a powerful antioxidant, works with antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase to protect cell membranes from free radicals.
- Iodine: Regulates the metabolic rate of all processes into the body and is a key element of thyroxine and regulation of oxygen use.
- Ferrum: Involved in the transport of oxygen in the blood and the transfer/transfer of electrons in the body. A very important element of the enzyme system variation, which includes the enzyme catalase, peroxidase enzyme, xanthine oxidase enzyme, aldehyde oxidase enzyme, and succinic dehydrogenase enzyme.
- Manganese: As a cofactor for arginase and metabolic enzymes, as an activator enzyme for enzymes that bridge the movement of the phosphatase group, and as bone-forming, carbohydrate metabolism and reproduction cycle.
- Selenium: Protects cells from the effects of peroxidase and together with vitamin E as an antioxidant that protects polyunsaturated phospholipids in cells and sub-cell membranes from peroxidative damage.
- Zinc: As a cofactor of several enzyme systems that are important in metabolic processes and as essential for the structure and function of insulin.
If several minerals such as Zn, Mn, Cu, and Se are combined have a special role in animal immunity by increasing the immunity system of the farmed animal. While the incorporation of minerals Fe, Cu, and Ca plays a major role in the respiratory process. This mineral will help the metabolic process including all minerals, both essential and non-essential.
